{"id":350,"date":"2026-08-06T09:46:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T08:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/?p=350"},"modified":"2026-08-07T08:54:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T07:54:41","slug":"carte-noua-biotehnologii-in-vitro-in-sustinerea-sectorului-horticol-recomandare-metodica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/?p=350","title":{"rendered":"CARTE NOU\u0102 &#8211; \u201cBIOTEHNOLOGII IN VITRO \u00ceN SUS\u021aINEREA SECTORULUI HORTICOL. RECOMANDARE METODIC\u0102\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ANDRONIC, Larisa; SMEREA, Svetlana; C\u0102LUG\u0102RU-SP\u0102TARU, Tatiana; DASCALIUC, Alexandru. <\/strong>Biotehnologii <em>in vitro<\/em> \u00een sus\u021binerea sectorului horticol. Recomandare metodic\u0103. Editura USM, Chi\u0219in\u0103u, 2025. \u2013 109 p. (4,45 c.a.) ISBN 978-9975-62-946-1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Recomandarea metodic\u0103 \u201eBiotehnologii <em>in vitro <\/em>\u00een sus\u021binerea sectorului horticol\u201d acoper\u0103 subiecte esen\u021biale care explic\u0103 at\u00e2t fundamente teoretice, c\u00e2t \u0219i aplica\u021bii ale biotehnologiilor <em>in vitro <\/em>\u00een horticultur\u0103 \u0219i includ concepte metodologice pe baza studiilor de caz practice.<\/p>\n<p>Biotehnologiile moderne ofer\u0103 p\u00e2rghii sustenabile provoc\u0103rilor din domeniu prin diversificarea principiilor metodologice. Detectarea molecular\u0103 \u0219i serologic\u0103 a patogenilor asigur\u0103 diagnosticul fitopatologic \u0219i fundamentarea teoretic\u0103 a principiilor de combatere a agen\u021bilor patogeni.<\/p>\n<p>Una dintre cele mai largi aplica\u021bii ale biotehnologiilor este metoda culturilor de \u021besuturi \u0219i, \u00een special micropropagarea ca cea mai utilizat\u0103 tehnic\u0103 de multiplicare microclonal\u0103. Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 este eficient\u0103 din punct de vedere economic, oferind posibilitate de producere \u00eentr-un timp restr\u00e2ns a materialului s\u0103n\u0103tos, cu identitate genetic\u0103 stabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Salvarea embrionilor imaturi este o alt\u0103 tehnic\u0103 ce asigur\u0103 recuperarea plantelor din \u00eencruci\u0219\u0103ri cu restric\u021bii de compatibilitate.<\/p>\n<p>Embriogeneza polinic\u0103 este o cale de perspectiv\u0103 \u00een ameliorarea \u0219i crearea liniilor pure la plantele horticole, iar tehnica de ob\u021binere a liniilor haploide \u0219i dublu-haploide asigur\u0103 reu\u0219ita cre\u0103rii planelor homozigote, cu caractere distinctive.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru speciile cu variabilitate restr\u00e2ns\u0103 \u0219i capacitate de multiplicare limitat\u0103 este eficient\u0103 tehnica de culturi de \u021besuturi prin regenerarea plantulelor din cotiledoane, hipocotile, frunze, ovare, protoplaste, r\u0103d\u0103cini, etc. Platele regenerate prin cultura de \u021besuturi prezint\u0103 adesea varia\u021bii fenotipice, care pot avea interes ameliorativ.<\/p>\n<p>Conservarea <em>in vitro <\/em>a plantelor este de o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103 \u00een furnizarea de solu\u021bii \u0219i abord\u0103ri alternative pentru dep\u0103\u0219irea constr\u00e2ngerilor \u00een gestionarea resurselor genetice. Pentru culturile care se propag\u0103 vegetativ \u0219i cele perene, care sunt extrem de heterozigote, depozitarea semin\u021belor nu este potrivit\u0103. \u00cen special \u00een cazul acestor culturi, depozitarea <em>in vitro <\/em>are o mare importan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103. Tehnicile au demonstrat succes pentru o serie de culturi horticole. Regeneran\u021bii <em>in vitro <\/em>garanteaz\u0103, de r\u00e2nd cu uniformitate, un material f\u0103r\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i germeni patogeni, asigur\u00e2nd m\u0103suri preventive de securitate.<\/p>\n<p>Importan\u021ba biotehnologiilor este \u00een cre\u0219tere, iar competitivitatea ca mijloc de stimulare a inova\u021biilor este clar\u0103 \u0219i recunoscut\u0103. \u00cen condi\u021biile fluctua\u021biilor considerabile pedoclimatice, tendin\u021belor globale de cre\u0219tere a num\u0103rului popula\u021biei, se impune promovarea practicilor capabile s\u0103 asigure un sistem durabil, bazat pe tehnologii moderne \u0219i capabile s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 provoc\u0103rilor fa\u021b\u0103 de produc\u021bia agricol\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Lucrarea de fa\u021b\u0103 include exemple concrete de protocoale biotehnologice elaborate de autori \u00een solu\u021bionarea diferitor subiecte ce vizeaz\u0103 bazele amelior\u0103rii culturilor horticole, precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>salvarea embrionilor imaturi de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie \u00een vederea recuper\u0103rii plantulelor din combina\u021bii hibride cu diferit grad de apirenie;<\/li>\n<li>eradicarea virusurilor cu propagare floemic\u0103 prin embriogeneza zigotic\u0103 <em>in vitro <\/em>la vi\u021ba de vie;<\/li>\n<li>micropropagarea \u0219i devirozarea <em>in vitro <\/em>a cartofului \u00een scopul conserv\u0103rii germoplasmei;<\/li>\n<li>micropropagarea speciilor horticole fructifere;<\/li>\n<li>micropropagarea plantelor ornamentale \u0219i rare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Materialele expuse \u00een recomandare includ realiz\u0103ri \u00een domeniul biotehnologiilor vegetale ob\u021binute de autori \u0219i totalizate cu suportul proiectului moldo-georgian 25.80013.7007.01GEO \u201eInstrumente biotehnologice pentru o horticultur\u0103 rezilient\u0103 prin promovarea speciilor netradi\u021bionale (pe exemplul <em>Actinidia arguta<\/em>) \u00een contextul schimb\u0103rilor climatice\u201d, finan\u021bat pentru anul 2025 de c\u0103tre Agen\u021bia Na\u021bional\u0103 pentru Cercetare \u0219i Dezvoltare.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ANDRONIC, Larisa; SMEREA, Svetlana; C\u0102LUG\u0102RU-SP\u0102TARU, Tatiana; DASCALIUC, Alexandru. Biotehnologii in vitro \u00een sus\u021binerea sectorului horticol. Recomandare metodic\u0103. Editura USM, Chi\u0219in\u0103u, 2025. \u2013 109 p. (4,45 c.a.) ISBN 978-9975-62-946-1. &nbsp; Recomandarea metodic\u0103 \u201eBiotehnologii in vitro \u00een sus\u021binerea sectorului horticol\u201d acoper\u0103 subiecte esen\u021biale care explic\u0103 at\u00e2t fundamente teoretice, c\u00e2t \u0219i aplica\u021bii ale biotehnologiilor in vitro \u00een horticultur\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noutati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":352,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions\/352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idcgfpp.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}